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Many do not know whether to classify Viktor Frankl as a hero as a martyr or as a thinker. The truth is that it has a lot of each of them.
He was a hero because he bravely faced the worst adversities that a human being can experience. He was a martyr because, even though he was able to escape the horror, he decided to stay and suffer with his people the onslaught of an atrocious war. And, in the same way, he was a great thinker, who He left an entire school of psychology as a legacy to humanity: logotherapy..
Viktor Frankl is one of those human beings who managed to slip into the midst of the greatest human miseries and came out intact. He was an Austrian doctor and psychiatrist, who was born into a family middle class, in 1905. He had two brothers: one older and one younger.
“When we find ourselves in the problem of not being able to change a situation, we face the enormous challenge of changing ourselves.”.
-Viktor Frankl-
The most important thing is that he grew up in a quiet home and enjoyed a peaceful childhood. She says that at the age of 5 she woke up in her bed, without opening her eyes, and had a deep feeling of happiness and protection. When she opened her eyes, her father was next to her smiling at her.
During his adolescence the family had to live through the rigors of the First World War. Goods were scarce and they knew what scarcity and hunger were. Already at that time, Viktor Frankl was a devourer of books who had established a correspondence with Sigmund Freud. He was passionate about the enigmas of the human mind.
Viktor Frankl and the meaning of life
When Viktor Frankl was just a high school student he gave his first lecture. He had the title The meaning of life and he taught it at the People’s University of Vienna. From a very young age he was occupied with questions that he would try to answer throughout his life: why live?, why live?
Although at first he had an interest in psychoanalysis in 1925 he distanced himself from Freud. He believed that his approach was too deterministic. Then, he began to closely follow Alfred Adler’s “individual psychology.” He later became interested in the theses of Rudolf Allers and Oswald Schwarz, founder of psychosomatic medicine.
From a young age he had a great passion for philosophy, especially the existentialist current.. However, he was inclined to study medicine and later specialized in neurology and psychiatry. From 1933 to 1937 he worked as a psychotherapist at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Vienna.
In 1939 he was appointed head of the Department of Neurology at the Rothschild Hospital in Vienna. He successfully practiced his profession until his destiny and that of his people underwent a radical change.
Nazism and World War II
Viktor Frankl was Jewish and lived in Austria
Then his sister Stella fled to Mexico. Viktor applied for a visa to enter the United States of America and was granted. However, she was distressed about the fate of his elderly parents, as well as all of his patients.
That’s when he made a shocking decision.which he described like this:
“SOn top of the radio set was a piece of marble. I asked my father what that was. (…) A Hebrew letter was engraved in gold on the stone. My father told me that the letter appeared only in one of the Commandments, in the Fourth Commandment which says: “Honor your father and your mother and you will be in the promised land.” After that, I decided to stay in Austria and let my American visa expire.”
In 1941, Viktor Frankl married Tilly Grosser. A few months later, the Nazis forced her to abort their expected child. In 1942 Viktor, his wife and parents were forced to go to the Theresienstadt concentration camp..
The following year the father died of hunger, greatly diminished by serious respiratory problems. In 1944 Viktor was transferred to the Auschwitz camp. with his wife. After her they would be separated and he never heard from her again.
This entire hard period of confinement and forced labor unleashed great reflections for Viktor Frankl. Finally, He was liberated by the Americans in 1945.
His wife, who had been taken to the Bergen-Belsen camp, was also freed. However, she was apparently trampled to death by the crowd when her release occurred and they all stampeded out. Viktor’s mother had died in the gas chamber a year earlier.
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Viktor Frankl in search of meaning
When he left the concentration camp, Frankl searched for his family and was faced with the harsh truth that he was alone. She would no longer see all those she had loved. I had no one to turn to in the world.
The first thing he tried to reconstruct was a book of his that was in manuscript and that it had been taken from him when he entered the forced labor camps. She achieved it and thus her first book came to light. Psychoanalysis and Existentialism.
Your testimony
Frankl felt an uncontrollable impulse. He needed to talk about what he had experienced
There were nine days in which the words were cut off only by the tears that he could not contain. This is how Viktor Frankl’s greatest work was born: Man’s Search for Meaning. This book has been translated into almost all languages and is considered a masterpiece of both testimony and psychology.
The most moving thing is that Frankl did not want it to be a recounting of cruelties, but rather His goal was to send a moving message to the world.:
“I simply wanted to convey to the reader, through a concrete example, that life has potential meaning in all conditions, even the most miserable.”
Logotherapy, a legacy for humanity
Viktor Frankl managed to rebuild his life. She married again in 1947, had a daughter, two grandsons and a great-granddaughter. Her marriage lasted 50 happy years.
He received more than 40 honorary doctorates, published another 30 books and he taught at the most prestigious universities in the world, including Harvard University, Stanford University and Vienna University. He died in 1997, shortly after making his first flight as an amateur pilot.
The legacy of Viktor Frankl
Frankl’s school is called “logotherapy.”
It postulates that the human being has three dimensions: the somatic or physical, the mental and the spiritual.. From this perspective, psychological problems arise when there is a lack of strength in the spiritual dimension and/or a defined meaning for life.
For logotherapists, “the will to meaning” is what allows life to move forward. How do you find that meaning? According to Frankl and his followers, there are three paths to achieve this: creation, transcendental affective experience and the attitude towards suffering.
The first corresponds to the values of creation, it has to do with the ability to make art, write, etc. The second is part of the values of experience, related to interpersonal interaction and the experience of sensations. Latest It refers to attitude values and involves the ability to overcome suffering.
The message that Viktor Frankl wanted to convey is that mental disorders originate not in suffering, but in the meaning given to it.
The most interesting thing about this approach is that it is not a theoretical elaboration, but rather Frankl himself applied it to himself and thus he managed to survive the holocaust. His life was, without a doubt, an example that human beings are capable of rising above any circumstance.
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