What does selective mutism look like in adults?

Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder that, although it is more common in children, can also manifest in adults. The affected people are able to speak and communicate in certain contexts or with specific people, but cannot do so in others. Does it sound strange or maybe familiar to you?

In this article we explore its underlying causes, the symptoms that characterize it, its impact on daily life and the different ways in which it can be addressed. Let us begin.

Selective mutism in adults

An article published in Psychiatria Polska highlights a significant change in the latest version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) regarding selective mutism. This moved from the category “disorders of childhood and adolescence” to “anxiety disorders,” which opened the possibility of diagnosing adults.

In this context, there is no specific distinction between children and adults, since it occurs in a similar way in both age groups, although with some differences. Let’s delve into them.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of selective mutism in adults is based on the observation of certain behavioral patterns, They must meet the criteria established in the DSM-V. These include notable interference with educational, social, or occupational performance and persistent inability to speak in specific situations in which one is expected to do so.

This alteration is required to persist for at least one month and cannot be attributed to another communication disorder or lack of knowledge with spoken language.

Causes

According to a work shared in Der Nervenarzt, Selective mutism usually begins in early childhood with a type of muteness in certain situations. It is possible that episodes of this type extend into adulthood.

Its origin is considered multifactorial, with genetic, psychological influences and related to language development. It is often accompanied by other disorders or conditions such as autism, social anxiety or phobia, and depression. Therefore, the combination of these factors would contribute to the appearance and persistence of selective mutism.

Something essential to highlight is that silence is not usually a conscious and voluntary choice on the part of the person, but rather It originates as an overwhelming anxiety response to specific situations.

Symptoms

In addition to the defining characteristics according to the diagnostic criteria, it is common to observe other more specific symptoms in adults with selective mutism. For example, the following:

Tendency to avoid social encounters, isolating oneself from others. Excessive shyness and fear of rejection, which further complicates social interaction. Adults with selective mutism often feel more comfortable in contexts in which they are not expected to speak, such as in cinema or theater.Physical symptoms of anxiety such as palpitations, excessive sweating, tremors and muscle tension, in situations that trigger selective mutism.Inability to speak in work meetings, social events or public places, despite communicating normally with trusted people or in contexts they consider safe.

Under this complex scenario, it is important to mention that Stress, frustration and general discomfort are common reactions in these people, further aggravating the situation.

How does it impact everyday life?

This problem can have a strong and negative impact on different areas of life. In the workplace, the person faces challenges by being unable to communicate in meetings, presentations or when interacting with colleagues.

Social life is also disrupted. Difficulties in social participation develop a harmful and complex circuit in which the person withdraws, wastes opportunities to establish new emotional ties and, over time, she loses the self-confidence to interact.

On the other hand, worry about situations that trigger selective mutism contributes to mental health problems, such as depression and increased stress. Likewise, shyness and fear of disapproval may limit personal growth and self-esteem.

In summary, selective mutism has significant impacts on various aspects of daily life, highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing this problem.

Treatment for selective mutism in adults

The way to treat selective mutism in adults varies depending on the comorbidities or specific causes that affect the disorder. The approach must be personalized, according to the unique needs of each person.

For example, treating a patient with selective mutism who also has social phobia requires a different approach than someone experiencing depression or generalized anxiety. Or those who face a combination.

Nevertheless, The approach should always focus on psychotherapy as the cornerstone of treatment. In this sense, according to research published in the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most used methods to help develop coping and communication strategies.

In some cases, certain medications are necessary in combination with therapy. The decision to include a complementary psychopharmacological treatment must be made by a mental health professional and will depend on the needs of each person.

Does this topic resonate with you?

If you have symptoms of selective mutism or someone close to you has it, It is essential that you seek support and guidance.

There are specialized professionals who can offer you the necessary help to overcome this challenge. You don’t have to face the process alone.

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