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Risperidone, what is it and what is it used for?

Risperidone, by combining dopamine and serotonin antagonism, is capable of controlling the symptoms of schizophrenia. In this article we delve into the action of this active ingredient.

Risperidone is one of the first therapeutic options in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychoses. Let’s look in more depth at how it works and what its effects are.

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic or neuroleptic which was introduced on the market in 1993. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

It is characterized by causing few adverse reactions compared to other drugs in its group, especially produces few extrapyramidal side effects. In fact, in the long term it is capable of improving these symptoms caused by other typical neuroleptics.

What is it for?

Risperidone, according to its technical information, is indicated for the treatment of the following disorders:

Schizophrenia.Manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.Persistent aggression in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia who do not respond to other treatments. It should be a short-term treatment, no more than 6 weeks. Persistent aggression in children from 5 years and older adolescents with conduct disorders and with mental retardation. This treatment must be accompanied by other measures and should not last more than 6 weeks.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of risperidone is complex, since it acts as a selective monoamine antagonist on different types of receptors. We can highlight your high affinity on receptors:

5-HT2 for serotonin.D2 for dopamine.

Likewise, it has affinity for alpha-1-adrenergic receptors and, although with lower affinity, it also binds to H1 histamine and alpha-2-adrenergic receptors.

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Therefore, Its mechanism of action is a combination of antagonistic effects on these receptors.. In fact, overactivity of the dopaminergic pathway is generally considered to contribute particularly to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, the blockade of D2 receptors by risperidone addresses them.

Similarly, serotonergic pathways also influence schizophrenia. Risperidone, by combining dopamine and serotonin antagonism, is capable of controlling symptoms. Its antagonistic effect on serotonin also counteracts the effects of dopamine and reduces extrapyramidal symptoms.

Side effects of risperidone

As we have said before, The incidence of adverse effects with risperidone is much lower than that of other classic antipsychotic drugs., such as haloperidol. The reduction in extrapyramidal symptoms that normally characterize these treatments is especially notable.

One of the main side effects of risperidone is hypotension that can occur, especially at the beginning of treatment. This reaction is more common in the elderly and patients who are weaker. The appearance of neuroleptic malignant syndrome has also been detected in some patients treated with risperidone.

In general terms, the most common side effects in treatment with risperidone are:

Insomnia.Drowsiness and decreased attention.Parkinsonism: includes some symptoms such as slow movements, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest or loss of facial expression.Headache.

Nevertheless, Other side effects that may also appear are, among others:

Weight gain.Depression.Anxiety.Irritability.Dystonia.DizzinessDyskinesia.Abdominal discomfort. Blurred vision. Urinary incontinence. Muscle spasms.

Conclusion

Risperidone is a very useful drug in the treatment of schizophrenia for its ability to selectively block the receptors involved in psychotic processes. Likewise, the reduction of extrapyramidal adverse effects makes it one of the first therapeutic options in these disorders.

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As in any pharmacological treatment, The doctor’s instructions should be followed and no modifications should be made. in the dosage or interrupt administration without your consent. Likewise, it is always a good idea to discuss any adverse effects detected with him.

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All cited sources were reviewed in depth by our team to ensure their quality, reliability, validity and validity. The bibliography in this article was considered reliable and of academic or scientific accuracy.

Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (2017). Data sheet. Risperdal. Available at: https://cima.aemps.es/cima/dochtml/ft/60336/FT_60336.htmlMorant, A., Mulas, F., Hernández, S., & Roselló, B. (2001). Pharmacological treatment with risperidone in children with behavioral disorders. Rev Neurol, 33(3), 201-8.Gutierrez, M., Gibert, J., Bobes, J., Herráiz, ML, & Fernández, A. (1998). Risperidone in the treatment of exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms. Actas Luso Españolas de Neurologia Psiquiatria y Ciencias Afines, 26(2), 83-89.Monreal, JA, & Staner, L. (2001). Efficacy of risperidone in a case of mania and Parkinson’s disease. Spanish Acts of Psychiatry, 29(5), 349-350.

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