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Brief history and definition:
Hospital psychology emerged in Brazil with the psychologist Mathilde Neder in 1954, where she performed preparatory care before, during and after for individuals who would undergo spine surgery. (LAZARETTI, 2007)
Over the years, in the 70s, outpatient clinics and psychiatric hospitals had a high number of psychologists, but not focused on hospital psychology. It was only in 1974 that the Psychology Service was implemented at the Instituto do Coração of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of USP by Bellkiss Wilma Romano Lamosa.
After numerous meetings, congresses and symposiums, the role of hospital psychologist is becoming clearer and more describable, but even today there are doubts about the role of the psychologist, requiring a postgraduate degree for those who want to work in this area.
Today we can say that hospital psychology:
“has its role centered in the secondary and tertiary areas of health care, working in health institutions and carrying out activities such as: psychotherapeutic care; psychotherapeutic groups; psychoprophylaxis groups; outpatient and intensive care unit care; prompt service; wards in general; psychomotricity in the hospital context; diagnostic evaluation; psychodiagnosis; consulting and interconsulting.” (CASTRO; BORNHOLDT, 2004)
In addition, according to Lazaretti (2007) the hospital psychologist does not have a defined therapeutic setting, it is extremely important for the hospital psychologist to reflect and get used to the limits of his performance so as not to become another invasive element to the patient, to minimize the suffering that the hospitalization provokes in individuals, moving away from a classic psychotherapy, based on the therapeutic setting, because the reality present there does not match.
According to the CRP website:
It operates in health institutions, participating in the provision of secondary or tertiary health care services. It also operates in higher education institutions and/or study and research centers, aiming at the improvement or specialization of professionals in their area of competence, or complementing the training of other health professionals with a medium or higher level, including postgraduate studies. lato and stricto sensu.
Serves patients, family members and/or those responsible for the patient; community members within your area of expertise; members of the multidisciplinary and eventually administrative team, aiming at the patient’s physical and emotional well-being; and, students and researchers, when they are working in research and assistance. It offers and develops activities at different levels of treatment, having as its main task the evaluation and follow-up of psychic intercurrences of patients who are or will be submitted to medical procedures, basically aiming at the promotion and/or recovery of physical and mental health.
It promotes interventions aimed at the doctor/patient, patient/family, and patient/patient and patient relationship in relation to the process of becoming ill, hospitalization and emotional repercussions that emerge in this process. Follow-up can be directed to patients undergoing clinical or surgical care, in different medical specialties. Different intervention modalities can be developed, depending on the demand and training of the specific professional; among them stand out: psychotherapeutic care; psychotherapeutic groups; psychoprophylaxis groups; outpatient care and Intensive Care Unit; prompt service; wards in general; psychomotricity in the hospital context; diagnostic evaluation; psychodiagnosis; consulting and interconsulting.
When working with the multidisciplinary team, preferably interdisciplinary, it participates in decisions regarding the conduct to be adopted by the team, aiming to promote support and safety for the patient and family, providing information relevant to their area of expertise, as well as in the form of a reflection group , in which support and management are focused on possible operational and/or subjective difficulties of team members.
What theoretical approaches can be used in the hospital context?
It is important to state that in the hospital context every theoretical approach is valid, and can act from the behaviorist line to analytical psychology. What needs to be emphasized is that the psychologist will have to have a theoretical and secure mastery of what to say to the doctor, to show his function and not just obey orders.
References:
CASTRO, Elisa Kern de; BORNHOLDT, Ellen. Health psychology x hospital psychology: definitions and possibilities for professional insertion. Psychol. science prof., Brasília, v. 24, no. 3, Sept. 2004 . Available at
LAZARETTI et al. Hospital psychology manual. Curitiba: Unified, 2007.
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