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The posterior cingulate gyrus is related to a topokinetic memory circuit. Specifically, its main function is in visuospatial orientation.
The cingulate gyrus is a part of the human brain that is located in both cerebral hemispheres.. This structure, along with the parahippocampal gyrus, constitutes the limbic cortex of the brain’s limbic system.
When we find ourselves restless or anxious, it is our cingulate gyrus that acts. This helps us express our emotional state through gesture, posture and movement.
As you can imagine, The cingulate gyrus has taken on great importance in neurocognitive and cognitive studies. Furthermore, this part of the brain anatomy has been seen to be related to various brain functions, but also to some disorders.
Alzheimer’s disease or depression are great examples of this.. However, it also has to do with other disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, some anxiety disorders and others related to addiction.
Limbic system
Structure and functions of the cingulate gyrus
The anterior cingulate cortex
In general terms, this part of the cerebral cortex plays a role especially in autonomic and endocrine responses to emotion and memory storage.
Furthermore, it is believed that he participates in the regulation of endocrine function and the expression of autonomous states. It does so through its projections with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerium.
But it is not only limited to making projections to these areas. The anterior cingulate cortex also has extensive connections with:
The amygdala. This region of the brain is highly involved in emotional responses.The periaqueductal gray matter. It is a primary site for the modulation of certain pain-related circuits.Mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei. It is believed that these nuclei could be involved in some functions such as learning, memory and attention.
medial cingulate cortex
This part of the cingulate gyrus is involved when we make predictions about behavioral outcomes. It also helps execute this behavior through projections it makes to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor areas, parietal cortices, and the spinal cord.
That is why it is believed that The medial cingulate cortex is related to the processing of information about decision making. Specifically, it would involve decision-making based on reward and the cognitive activity associated with intentional motor control.
posterior cingulate cortex
The posterior cingulate gyrus is related to a topokinetic memory circuit. Specifically, its main function is in visuospatial orientation.
The most ventral part appears to be highly integrated within the “default mode network” of the brain. That is, a system in the brain that It remains active when we do not pay attention to external stimuli.
Furthermore, it is believed that this part It also has to do with internally directed cognition processes.. Some are memory retrieval, planning or spatial information processing.
It is also hypothesized that This part is involved in self-monitoring and evaluating events related to self-relevance.
The most dorsal part of the posterior cingulate cortex is located closely linked to the premotor, dorsal visual and orbitofrontal regions of the brain. Additionally, this part participates in the orientation of the body in visual space.
retrosplenial cortex
This part of the cingulate gyrus has been seen involved in processes such as autobiographical memory and imagination. Thus, it appears that many neurological disorders that impair memory are associated with problems in this region of the cingulate gyrus.
It seems, then, that the cingulate gyrus is primarily responsible for mediate our emotional responses. In addition, it is also responsible for assigning value to emotion in the face of both external and internal stimuli. Especially, the cingulate gyrus allows us to vocalize internal states (i.e., it gives us the ability to express our emotions out loud).
In conclusion, If the cingulate gyrus is damaged, the autonomic system may lose its ability to respond to stimuli conditioned. This could lead to aggressive behavior, shyness or a decreased feeling of affection.
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All cited sources were reviewed in depth by our team to ensure their quality, reliability, validity and validity. The bibliography in this article was considered reliable and of academic or scientific accuracy.
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Vogt, B. A. (2005). Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(7), 533.
Paus, T., Petrides, M., Evans, A.C., & Meyer, E. (1993). Role of the human anterior cingulate cortex in the control of oculomotor, manual, and speech responses: a positron emission tomography study. Journal of neurophysiology, 70(2), 453-469.
Vogt, B. A. (2016). Midcingulate cortex: structure, connections, homologies, functions and diseases. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 74, 28-46.
Hoffstaedter, F., Grefkes, C., Caspers, S., Roski, C., Palomero‐Gallagher, N., Laird, AR, … & Eickhoff, SB (2014). The role of anterior midcingulate cortex in cognitive motor control: evidence from functional connectivity analyses. Human brain mapping, 35(6), 2741-2753.
Vann, S.D., Aggleton, J.P., & Maguire, E.A. (2009). What does the retrosplenial cortex do? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(11), 792.
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