Functions of the neuropsychologist

The Neuropsychology is the area of ​​psychology that studies the relationship between the brain, its processes and behavior.. Although a priori it may seem like a recent science, its objectives have occupied the central focus of psychology for many years. However, it has been with the development of neuroscience and neuroimaging methods that it has advanced considerably.

Inside of There are two main aspects of neuropsychology: experimental and clinical. On the one hand, experimental neuropsychology aims to validate theoretical models and verify the functioning of cognitive processes. On the other hand, clinical neuropsychology applies this knowledge to evaluation and intervention from a scientific point of view, with the aim of treating dysfunctions of the central nervous system.

Experimental neuropsychology

The experimental or research area focuses on provide the discipline with a theoretical-experimental framework, so that the findings obtained can be applicable to the clinical setting.

To do this, it is based on the hypothetico-deductive method, common in neuroscience. This method consists of formulate hypotheses and objectives that will be tested using a rigorous methodas well as by validation from the scientific community.

There are several types of designs that can be chosen to study the phenomenon of interest, and animal or human models can be used. In any case, studies must be approved by a scientific ethics committee. In the human study, in addition, an informed consent must be signed by the participants.

Research in neuropsychology is focused on:

Describe disorders and the functioning of the brain and its cognitive processesDetermine risk and protective factorsDesign and evaluate interventions and rehabilitation methods

Therefore, the basic function of the experimental neuropsychologist is to cCommit to ethical and methodological principles, with the aim of providing valid and transparent findings.

In this way, you can contribute to increasing knowledge about disorders and developing truly effective interventions.

Functions of the clinical neuropsychologist

Assess

Neuropsychological evaluation is a process in which the ultimate goal is detect, describe and measure cognitive change or deficit and alterations that have taken place after an injury or improper functioning of the brain.

The first step is to collect information about the patient and the disorder, thus developing the clinical history. Subsequently, they have to select the most appropriate evaluation instruments (tests, questionnaires or tests) according to the profile of the patient and the processes to be evaluated.

Finally, the evaluation instruments must be applied. These provide quantifiable information (scores) with which performance can be compared with that of the general population. Besides, A fundamental part is the observation of the neuropsychologist during the course of the evaluation. This way you will be able to see what difficulties you encounter and where in the process, as well as your attitude and recognition of your own handicaps.

Diagnosis

Once the results of the evaluation are obtained, they must be interpreted. Information about which processes are affected and to what extent will help the professional make a diagnosis.. Once the problem is identified, we consider how your social, work and family life may be affected, as well as what the prognosis for evolution and recovery may be.

So, A report is prepared that includes the results, the diagnosis and an approach to the intervention, as well as the estimate of the benefit that will be achieved.. In any case, you must always choose to obtain the maximum benefit. This is the readaptation of the patient, achieving the highest degree of autonomy and quality of life possible.

On the other hand, it is essential that the report collects all the information in a way that is understandable for the patient and family, as well as for other professionals. Even so, This report must be discussed in consultation so that those affected can resolve all their doubts and communicate their concerns. and personal objectives.

Rehabilitation

Once the difficulties are detected and an intervention is scheduled, neuropsychological rehabilitation is carried out. It consists of applying techniques of treatment to improve behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions that appeared after the damage or alteration.

To achieve this, a series of objectives are established based on needs and specific implementation guidelines. The main thing in any neuropsychological intervention is the recovery, to the extent possible, of the functions that are impaired, through cognitive stimulation.

Within rehabilitation, work is also done on training and use of strategies that compensate for difficulties. Thus, if it is not possible to recover cognitive function to previous levels, at least activities can continue to be carried out with complementary strategies.

It is also very important to work on the emotions and behaviors related to the alteration and to accompany the adaptation process. Within this work, we must not forget family members.

The role of caregivers and people around them is essential. Therefore, it is necessary to explain to them what has happened to the patient and what it will mean for his or her life. Likewise, there is great value in teaching you coping strategies and ways to participate in your recovery.

Specific work areas

Although the neuropsychologist seems to dedicate himself only to the clinic, brain damage or dysfunction can have very diverse origins and affect completely different populations. It is because of that Neuropsychology encompasses numerous areas to which it applies.

Currently, those that have considerable weight are child neuropsychology, geriatric or dementia neuropsychology, addictions, cross-cultural neuropsychology, legal-forensic, labor or education, among others.

In conclusion, regardless of the area, it is essential that the neuropsychologist seek above all to improve the patient’s quality of life, as well as be able to work with other professionals (neurologists, nurses, occupational therapists, etc.) to achieve that goal together.

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