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Having suffered a severe trauma in the first years of life can cause a rare psychiatric disorder called Dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as Multiple personality disorder), something that suffers approximately 1% of the world population.
What is dissociative identity disorder or multiple personality?
Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) occurs when a person two or more distinct personalities coexist that work independently of each other and are autonomous from each other (although they may have a connection between them).
In people who suffer from this disorder, there is an alteration of the identity of the personality that makes us always feel the same. The alternate personalities (called alters) have behaviors, sense of awareness, memory and different perception of the outside world. Also their memories differ from those of the other personalities and they can even use a different language and expressions.
This disorder is accompanied by another disorder known as dissociative amnesiawhose main symptom is Loss of memory and memories of daily and traumatic events and that can last only a few minutes or many hours.
It is a complex disorder that often misdiagnosed and usually requires various evaluations to identify it. It is estimated that it can happen between 5 and 12.5 years in treatment before a dissociative identity disorder is diagnosed.
Dissociative Identity Disorder Symptoms
Main symptoms associated with dissociative identity disorder are:
lose memory for a period of time. Suffer a trance-like behaviorwith eye blinking or eye rolling or changes in posture, when changing from one personality to another. Feeling a separation with oneself and with their own emotions.identity confusion.relationship problems with the rest.Depression, anxiety and stress.Suicidal thoughts.self-injurious behaviors.
How is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed?
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, for the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder These factors must be given:
Presence of two or more personalities.At least two of these personalities control on a recurring basis the behavior of the person.Inability to remember information important personal, which is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. The disorder is not due to the direct physiological effects of a toxic substance or a general medical condition.
After ruling out injuries or medical problems that may explain the symptoms, as well as substance abuse, the psychologist or psychiatrist will make a detailed analysis of the personal history of the patient and their situation will be evaluated, something that usually requires several sessions. It may also be necessary to talk to family members.
Often, those affected first receive a misdiagnosis of other personality disordersAs the Borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder or even psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. It can also be confused with the post traumatic stress disorder.
What causes dissociative identity disorder?
The cause of a dissociative identity disorder is often a severe traumawhich in most cases it happened in childhood: It can be emotional or physical abuse, sexual abuse, having experienced a very stressful situation such as a war or a natural catastrophe.
It is believed that the child’s inability to deal with the trauma is what leads them to develop alternative identities.
How is dissociative disorder cured?
There are a number of different approaches to treating dissociative identity disorder, which typically include the following stages:
set security, stabilize and reduce symptomswith special attention to suicidal ideation and self-injurious behaviors.Confront and work with traumatic memories. It may be necessary to access traumatic memories with the different personalities to unlock and share the memories. Integration and identity rehabilitation. This phase focuses on the person’s relationship with himself and with the rest of the world.
The hypnosis can be a mode of treatment for these patients and some studies indicate that it can be effective and that it can help to access the different personalities that are not present in the therapy sessions.