Contraceptive sponge: what it is, how it works and how effective is it

There are different contraceptive methods intended for people who do not (yet) wish to become pregnant. The contraceptive sponge is not the most common choice, but it is still an option. Like other methods, it has its advantages and disadvantages. It stands out, for example, for being a non-hormonal alternative; on the other hand, it has low efficacy when compared to the use of condoms and some other methods.

for Dr. Bruna Pitaluga (CRM-DF 13.157), gynecologist at Hospital Santa Lúcia and a member of the Brazilian Society of Gynecology, the contraceptive sponge is rarely used in Brazil for obvious reasons: there are more effective methods than it on the market. Find out what the sponge is like, how it works and clarify all your doubts about this vaginal barrier method.

What is contraceptive sponge?

Dr. Bruna explains that the sponge has the function of a barrier method and the spermicide is added to improve the result of contraception.

The contraceptive sponge can be found for sale in some pharmacies, but it is still not so popular here in Brazil. The cost is around R$30 to R$100.

How does the contraceptive sponge work?

The contraceptive sponge is made of polyurethane (a material commonly used to make sponges) in the shape of a small disc, containing a cavity in the middle and a handle (to facilitate removal).

When inserted, the sponge will block the entrance of the uterine cervix while releasing the spermicide present in it, Nonoxynol-9. The two measures aim to prevent, together, the entry of sperm into the uterus and, consequently, the fertilization of the egg.

The sponge should release the spermicide at all times, keeping the woman protected against possible pregnancy for up to 24 hours.

Advantages and disadvantages

But, is it worth using the contraceptive sponge? Why choose sponge over other methods? Evaluate your advantages:

• It can be used only when there is sexual intercourse;
• It is easily taken anywhere;
• It does not suffer interference if the woman is taking any medication;
• It is hormone free;
• It can even be used during breastfeeding;

On the other hand, the method has the following disadvantages:

• Low effectiveness;
• Possible interference in the spontaneity of sexual intercourse (if the couple needs to interrupt the act for the woman to insert the sponge);
• Pay attention to the number of hours that the sponge will remain in place (if it stays longer than indicated, it can lead to serious infections);
• The use requires some practice in the placement and removal of the sponge;
• Material may cause allergies in some people.
• It does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

As with other contraceptive methods, the advantages and disadvantages may be more or less significant for one woman than for another. That is, the choice to use or not the contraceptive sponge is very personal. The important thing is that the woman knows the particularities of each method and, preferably, has the guidance of her / her gynecologist to make the best choice.

How to use the contraceptive sponge

Bruna explains that the woman must insert the sponge into the vagina before sexual intercourse and keep it there for contraceptive efficacy. “The procedure is simple, like inserting a tampon. Once the woman masters the insertion technique, use is very easy,” she comments.

The sponge can be inserted a few hours before or at the time of intercourse. The first step should be to wash your hands. It is also recommended to moisten and lightly squeeze the sponge so that this activates the spermicide. It should be inserted with the cavity facing up and the handle facing down. To do this, fold it in half and push it up as far as you can until it covers the cervix.

After sex, the sponge should be kept in place for at least 6 hours. But, it is worth noting, it should not be in the vagina for more than 30 hours straight.

When taking it out, pull the sponge carefully by the handle. Throw it away immediately after that.

More questions about contraceptive sponge solved

As it is a product directly related to the health and protection of women, it is natural that doubts arise about its use. Check the clarification for the main questions below:

Who is the contraceptive sponge recommended for? According to the doctor. Bruna, for all women who choose this contraceptive method. The woman should always be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and, preferably, talk to her / her gynecologist, to get help in choosing which one is the most suitable for her case.

Are there risks in using a contraceptive sponge? “Women who are allergic to the components of the sponge may have reactions”, replies the doctor. In addition, it is worth mentioning that if the sponge remains in the vagina for more than 30 hours – which is not recommended – it can cause a serious infection.

How effective is the contraceptive sponge? Low, answers Bruna. “The sponge protects in 76% of cases, a low efficiency when compared to the copper intrauterine device, for example, which is 99.2%”, she adds.

Is the contraceptive sponge disposable? “Yea. Once removed from the vagina, it must be discarded”, recalls the gynecologist.

Is there a difference in effectiveness for women who have already had children? This is a frequent question, as some say that the sponge may not work as well in women who have already had children and, due to this, have had their vagina and cervix stretched, which would not allow the sponge to fit well. . However, according to the gynecologist, there is no difference in effectiveness.

Does the contraceptive sponge prevent STDs? No, reinforces Bruna. “The contraceptive sponge does not prevent STDs and the concomitant use of condoms is indicated”, she guides.

What are the possible side effects of the contraceptive sponge? “Allergic reactions to the components of the sponge, it moving out of place and it falling apart inside the vagina during sexual intercourse are the most common complaints”, explains Bruna.

What is the difference between contraceptive sponge and other barrier methods (cervical cap, diaphragm)? “All are barrier methods. The sponge is a barrier method plus the spermicide in an attempt to improve its effectiveness. However, as I said before, the sponge has low effectiveness.”

Now you know what the contraceptive sponge is and how it works, and if so, you can talk about using it with your trusted doctor. Remember, however, that it does not exclude the need to use condoms with regard to preventing sexually transmitted diseases.

The information contained on this page is for informational purposes only. They do not replace the advice and follow-up of doctors, nutritionists, psychologists, physical education professionals and other specialists.