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7 vaginal problems and how to deal with each one

With health do not play. And it is true that the female intimate region requires a lot of attention. Discharges, bleeding outside the menstrual period, itching are some of the problems that, from time to time, can occur and that obviously worry women.

Below you can see a list of vaginal problems and guidelines on how to deal with them:

1. Ingrown hairs in the vulva region

Sérgio Kobayashi, gynecologist, obstetrician and specialist in fetal medicine at Lavoisier Medicina Diagnóstica, explains that ingrown hairs in the vulva are a relatively common problem and should always be examined carefully. “Ingrown hairs are quite common in the groin, but they can occur in other regions of the body as well,” he says.

The gynecologist explains that ingrown hairs occur because the hairs grow, bend and get stuck in the skin, causing an inflammatory process. Hair removal with blades or wax can be a predisposing factor, especially in black-skinned people, as their hair is usually thicker and curly.

The gynecologist Paula Bortolai, a physician on the IPGO team, highlights that the vulva region has denser, thicker hair and more hair than the rest of the body, which in itself is already a predisposing factor.

“Often depilation can cause irregular growth of these hairs, and in the opposite direction, which prevents the breakage of the skin. This follicle forms a capsule around it and becomes ingrown. As a complication, there can be colonization by bacteria and a secondary infection appears: folliculitis, diagnosed through the presence of purulent secretion”, adds the specialist.

Kobayashi emphasizes that any lesion in the genital region, different from the usual one, should be examined by a trusted gynecologist, including making the differential diagnosis with some STDs.

How to deal with the problem

Ingrown hairs are usually resolved and eliminated spontaneously. Kobayashi points out, however, that to avoid or minimize ingrown hairs in the genital region, some simple measures can be taken:

  • Avoid tight clothes or synthetic fabric (prefer cotton clothes);
  • Take care with cleaning and hygiene of the skin (keep the skin healthy);
  • Use a hair removal method best suited to your skin type.
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Paula also highlights as preventive measures:

  • Decrease the frequency of hair removal;
  • Avoid using depilatory creams;
  • If razor blades are used, always prefer disposable ones and never reuse them.

“As a treatment, the use of warm compresses, mechanical removal with tweezers or a sterile needle, and daily exfoliation. In cases of bacterial infection, the use of topical treatment with antibiotics is associated”, adds gynecologist Paula.

2. Strong odor

Paula explains that the vagina has a “sui generis” odor that is more noticeable after puberty and that it can vary according to the phases of the menstrual cycle. . “It is not normal to have a strong and unpleasant odor, this should always be investigated by a gynecologist, as it could be an infection”, she says.

The gynecologist points out that there are phases in which the woman is more predisposed to infections, especially when there is an active sexual life and in the climacteric, when vaginal dryness makes the mucosa thinner and more sensitive.

Kobayashi explains that, usually, the strong and unpleasant smell of the vagina is due to lack of hygiene or infectious processes.

How to deal with the problem

Paula points out that any vaginal odor should be investigated and the patient should be examined by a gynecologist who will assess whether there is an association with other symptoms. In some situations, adds the gynecologist, the partner must also be investigated and treated.

3. discharge

Kobayashi explains that discharge is an abnormality in the amount or physical appearance of the vaginal contents, which is externalized through the external genital organs. “It could be a symptom referred by the patient or just identified by the gynecologist”, she says.

According to the gynecologist, the most frequent infectious causes of vaginal discharge are: bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gonococia and chlamydial infection. “Discharge accompanied by a foul, unpleasant odor may be due mainly to bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis”, he points out.

How to deal with the problem

In case of discharge, it is important to look for a gynecologist. “There may be discharge from bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis, requiring drug treatment,” says Kobayashi.

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4. Bleeding outside the menstrual period

Paula explains that bleeding outside the menstrual period is not normal and should also be investigated. “They can have hormonal causes (polycystic ovaries, use of contraceptives) or anatomical causes (polyps, fibroids, lesions on the cervix). Some women may have a little bleeding during ovulation, but this should be a diagnosis of exclusion after all causes have been investigated,” she says.

How to deal with the problem

Kobayashi highlights that bleeding outside the period of menstruation should be evaluated by the gynecologist, especially if they are recurrent, intense and accompanied by other symptoms. “Bleeding can be occasional or chronic, with chronic or recurrent being the most important for the gynecologist,” he explains.

5. Itching

Kobayashi highlights that the main discharges that are accompanied by pruritus (itching) are vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis.

Paula explains that candida is a fungus that is part of the normal vaginal flora that, in some situations, finds conditions to increase its number, such as: decreased immunity, use of antibiotics, stuffy clothes that impede circulation and diabetes, among others.

The gynecologist adds that, in menopause, vaginal atrophy can be the cause of vaginal itching.

How to deal with the problem

Kobayashi highlights that women should seek a gynecologist for safe guidance.

Paula adds that if candidiasis is diagnosed, it must be treated. “And measures such as wearing cotton underwear, sleeping without panties and completely drying the genital area help to reduce recurrence”, says the gynecologist.

6. Pain

Kobayashi explains that dysuria (burning or difficulty urinating) and dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) can have different causes. “Dysuria can be mainly related to urinary tract infection, but also to urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), vulvovaginitis (inflammation of the vulva and vagina), atrophic vaginitis, interstitial cystitis, irritation of the urethra by substances (soap, fabric softener, perfumes or medicines) and trauma to the pelvic region. Sometimes dysuria and dyspareunia can coexist,” he says.

Paula comments that the main hypothesis for pain when urinating is urinary infection (UTI) and, therefore, an exam should be collected to confirm the diagnosis. “A UTI can also cause pain during intercourse,” she explains.

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The gynecologist adds that pain in sexual intercourse can be due to various changes, from lack of lubrication, vaginal or uterine infections, chronic constipation to more serious diseases such as endometriosis. “All these factors should be investigated by the gynecologist,” she says.

How to deal with the problem

Kobayashi emphasizes that, in case of pain when urinating or during sexual intercourse, a woman should look for her gynecologist.

Paula explains that the cause of the problem must be addressed specifically. “Many women after the beginning of sexual life and when they have sexual intercourse more frequently observe recurrent urinary infections. This can be avoided or reduced with the use of condoms, with the habit of emptying the bladder always after the sexual act and performing strict local hygiene and, sometimes, prophylaxis with antibiotics and cranberry extract can be performed”, highlights the gynecologist.

7. Urinate more often

Kobayashi explains that the change in urinary pattern should be valued and needs medical evaluation. This problem may be related to infectious processes of the urinary tract and also to clinical diseases such as diabetes.

Paula points out that the first cause to be excluded is UTI (urinary tract infection), which should be investigated. “Other factors such as decompensated diabetes, pregnancy, use of diuretics and increased water intake may be the cause”, she recalls.

How to deal with the problem

It is essential to look for a doctor to evaluate the situation, discover the cause of the problem and indicate the best treatment.

Finally, it is important that women make regular visits to the gynecologist, to avoid any type of problem and keep their intimate health up to date.

The information contained on this page is for informational purposes only. They do not replace the advice and follow-up of doctors, nutritionists, psychologists, physical education professionals and other specialists.

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